Índice de Refracción de Gemas — Tabla de Referencia
Valores de índice de refracción para 132 especies de gemas, ordenados de mayor a menor IR máximo, con birrefringencia y carácter óptico. El IR se mide con un refractómetro y es una de las constantes más fiables en gemología: lo determina la estructura del mineral, no su apariencia.
Los nombres de las gemas aparecen en su forma comercial en inglés y enlazan a la ficha detallada de cada especie (en inglés).
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Probar Loupewise Gratis →| Gema | IR Mín | IR Máx | Birrefringencia | Carácter Óptico |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cinnabar | 2.905 | 3.256 | 0.351 | Uniaxial (+) |
| Hematite | 2.940 | 3.220 | 0.280 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Cuprite | 2.849 | 2.849 | — | SR |
| Moissanite | 2.648 | 2.691 | 0.043 | Uniaxial (+) |
| Blue Diamond | 2.417 | 2.417 | — | SR |
| Brown Diamond | 2.417 | 2.417 | — | SR |
| Diamond | 2.417 | 2.417 | — | SR |
| Pink Diamond | 2.417 | 2.417 | — | SR |
| Yellow Diamond | 2.417 | 2.417 | — | SR |
| Sphalerite | 2.369 | 2.371 | — | SR |
| Cubic Zirconia | 2.150 | 2.180 | — | SR |
| Sphene | 1.843 | 2.110 | 0.100 | Biaxial (+) |
| Cassiterite | 1.997 | 2.093 | 0.096 | Uniaxial (+) |
| Zircon | 1.925 | 1.984 | 0.059 | Uniaxial (+) |
| Malachite | 1.655 | 1.909 | 0.254 | Biaxial (−) |
| Demantoid Garnet | 1.880 | 1.895 | — | SR |
| YAG | 1.833 | 1.833 | — | SR |
| Almandine Garnet | 1.770 | 1.830 | — | SR |
| Star Garnet | 1.770 | 1.830 | — | SR |
| Rhodochrosite | 1.600 | 1.820 | 0.220 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Low-Type Zircon | 1.780 | 1.815 | — | SR |
| Spessartite Garnet | 1.790 | 1.815 | — | SR |
| Benitoite | 1.757 | 1.804 | 0.047 | Uniaxial (+) |
| Malaya / Umbalite Garnet | 1.730 | 1.780 | — | SR |
| Color-Change Sapphire | 1.762 | 1.770 | 0.008 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Padparadscha Sapphire | 1.762 | 1.770 | 0.008 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Pink Sapphire | 1.762 | 1.770 | 0.008 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Rhodolite Garnet | 1.740 | 1.770 | — | SR |
| Ruby | 1.762 | 1.770 | 0.008 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Sapphire | 1.762 | 1.770 | 0.008 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Star Ruby | 1.762 | 1.770 | 0.008 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Star Sapphire | 1.762 | 1.770 | 0.008 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Synthetic Color-Change Corundum | 1.762 | 1.770 | 0.008 | Uniaxial (−) |
| White Sapphire | 1.762 | 1.770 | 0.008 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Yellow Sapphire | 1.762 | 1.770 | 0.008 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Color-Change Garnet | 1.740 | 1.765 | — | SR |
| Hessonite Garnet | 1.730 | 1.760 | — | SR |
| Pyrope Garnet | 1.730 | 1.760 | — | SR |
| Tsavorite Garnet | 1.730 | 1.760 | — | SR |
| Grossular Garnet | 1.734 | 1.759 | — | SR |
| Alexandrite | 1.746 | 1.755 | 0.009 | Biaxial (+) |
| Cat's Eye Chrysoberyl | 1.746 | 1.755 | 0.009 | Biaxial (+) |
| Chrysoberyl | 1.746 | 1.755 | 0.009 | Biaxial (+) |
| Diaspore | 1.702 | 1.752 | 0.048 | Biaxial (+) |
| Rhodonite | 1.716 | 1.752 | 0.014 | Biaxial (+) |
| Spinel | 1.712 | 1.736 | — | SR |
| Kyanite | 1.712 | 1.734 | 0.016 | Biaxial (−) |
| Black Spinel | 1.712 | 1.730 | — | SR |
| Chrome Diopside | 1.664 | 1.730 | 0.030 | Biaxial (+) |
| Synthetic Spinel | 1.725 | 1.728 | — | SR |
| Taaffeite | 1.719 | 1.723 | 0.004 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Star Diopside | 1.664 | 1.721 | 0.030 | Biaxial (+) |
| Sinhalite | 1.665 | 1.712 | 0.038 | Biaxial (−) |
| Thulite | 1.691 | 1.704 | 0.009 | Biaxial (+) |
| Tanzanite | 1.691 | 1.700 | 0.009 | Biaxial (+) |
| Kornerupine | 1.660 | 1.699 | 0.013 | Biaxial (−) |
| Pearl | 1.520 | 1.690 | — | Agregado |
| Peridot | 1.654 | 1.690 | 0.036 | Biaxial (+) |
| Jadeite | 1.654 | 1.688 | — | Agregado |
| Jet | 1.640 | 1.680 | — | SR |
| Hiddenite | 1.660 | 1.676 | 0.016 | Biaxial (+) |
| Kunzite | 1.660 | 1.676 | 0.016 | Biaxial (+) |
| Clinohumite | 1.625 | 1.675 | 0.028 | Biaxial (+) |
| Enstatite | 1.663 | 1.673 | 0.010 | Biaxial (+) |
| Lapis Lazuli | 1.500 | 1.670 | — | Agregado |
| Phenakite | 1.654 | 1.670 | 0.016 | Uniaxial (+) |
| Prehnite | 1.611 | 1.665 | 0.030 | Biaxial (+) |
| Chrome Tourmaline | 1.624 | 1.660 | 0.018 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Calcite | 1.486 | 1.658 | 0.172 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Coral | 1.486 | 1.658 | — | Agregado |
| Green Tourmaline | 1.616 | 1.650 | 0.018 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Turquoise | 1.610 | 1.650 | — | Agregado |
| Watermelon Tourmaline | 1.616 | 1.650 | 0.018 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Andalusite | 1.629 | 1.649 | 0.010 | Biaxial (−) |
| Apatite | 1.628 | 1.649 | 0.006 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Indicolite | 1.624 | 1.644 | 0.018 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Paraiba Tourmaline | 1.624 | 1.644 | 0.018 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Rubellite | 1.624 | 1.644 | 0.018 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Tourmaline | 1.624 | 1.644 | 0.020 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Topaz | 1.609 | 1.643 | 0.008 | Biaxial (+) |
| Larimar | 1.595 | 1.640 | 0.040 | Biaxial (+) |
| Danburite | 1.627 | 1.636 | 0.006 | Biaxial (−) |
| Chrysocolla | 1.575 | 1.635 | — | Agregado |
| Nephrite | 1.600 | 1.627 | — | Agregado |
| Grandidierite | 1.590 | 1.623 | 0.033 | Biaxial (−) |
| Sugilite | 1.607 | 1.610 | 0.002 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Howlite | 1.583 | 1.608 | — | Agregado |
| Emerald | 1.565 | 1.602 | 0.006 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Morganite | 1.572 | 1.600 | 0.008 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Variscite | 1.560 | 1.594 | 0.031 | Biaxial (−) |
| Aquamarine | 1.577 | 1.583 | 0.006 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Goshenite | 1.577 | 1.583 | 0.006 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Heliodor | 1.568 | 1.580 | 0.006 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Red Beryl | 1.564 | 1.574 | 0.007 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Labradorite | 1.559 | 1.573 | 0.011 | Biaxial (+) |
| Rainbow Moonstone | 1.559 | 1.572 | 0.011 | Biaxial (−) |
| Scapolite | 1.540 | 1.572 | 0.020 | Uniaxial (−) |
| Sunstone | 1.537 | 1.572 | 0.010 | Biaxial (−) |
| Serpentine | 1.560 | 1.571 | — | Agregado |
| Iolite | 1.540 | 1.560 | 0.012 | Biaxial (−) |
| Charoite | 1.550 | 1.559 | — | Agregado |
| Amethyst | 1.544 | 1.553 | 0.009 | Uniaxial (+) |
| Ametrine | 1.544 | 1.553 | 0.009 | Uniaxial (+) |
| Aventurine | 1.544 | 1.553 | — | Agregado |
| Citrine | 1.544 | 1.553 | 0.009 | Uniaxial (+) |
| Hawk's Eye | 1.544 | 1.553 | — | Agregado |
| Prasiolite | 1.544 | 1.553 | 0.009 | Uniaxial (+) |
| Rock Crystal | 1.544 | 1.553 | 0.009 | Uniaxial (+) |
| Rose Quartz | 1.544 | 1.553 | 0.009 | Uniaxial (+) |
| Smoky Quartz | 1.544 | 1.553 | 0.009 | Uniaxial (+) |
| Tiger's Eye | 1.544 | 1.553 | — | Agregado |
| Amber | 1.539 | 1.545 | — | SR |
| Agate | 1.530 | 1.543 | — | Agregado |
| Bloodstone | 1.530 | 1.543 | — | Agregado |
| Carnelian | 1.530 | 1.543 | — | Agregado |
| Chalcedony | 1.530 | 1.543 | — | Agregado |
| Chrysoprase | 1.530 | 1.543 | — | Agregado |
| Onyx | 1.530 | 1.543 | — | Agregado |
| Chrysocolla Chalcedony | 1.530 | 1.543 | — | Agregado |
| Ivory | 1.535 | 1.540 | — | Agregado |
| Pietersite | 1.534 | 1.540 | — | Agregado |
| Amazonite | 1.514 | 1.530 | 0.008 | Biaxial (−) |
| Moonstone | 1.518 | 1.526 | 0.008 | Biaxial (−) |
| Moldavite | 1.480 | 1.510 | — | SR |
| Obsidian | 1.480 | 1.510 | — | SR |
| Hauyne | 1.494 | 1.509 | — | SR |
| Hackmanite | 1.483 | 1.487 | — | SR |
| Sodalite | 1.483 | 1.487 | — | Agregado |
| Fire Opal | 1.370 | 1.470 | — | SR |
| Opal | 1.370 | 1.470 | — | SR |
| Black Opal | 1.440 | 1.460 | — | SR |
| Fluorite | 1.432 | 1.436 | — | SR |
¿Qué gema tiene el índice de refracción más alto?
Entre las 132 gemas de esta referencia, Cinnabar tiene el IR más alto (2.905–3.256). Como comparación, el diamante mide 2.417. Un refractómetro estándar lee «por encima del límite» (OTL) a partir de ~1.81.
¿Cuál es el índice de refracción del diamante?
El índice de refracción del diamante es 2.417. Es de refracción simple, sin birrefringencia — una de las separaciones frente a la moissanita, que es doblemente refractiva.
¿Cuál es el índice de refracción del rubí?
El rubí tiene un IR de 1.762–1.770 con birrefringencia de 0.008. El zafiro es el mismo mineral (corindón) y presenta el mismo rango.
Ver también: Reference Database (EN) · Guide (EN)