Loupewise

Karakter Optik Batu Permata — Tabel Polariskop

Karakter optik 132 spesies — 34 berbias tunggal, 75 berbias ganda, dan 23 agregat — dengan penanda ADR dan birefringensi. Di antara polarisator bersilang, batu SR tetap gelap, batu DR berkedip empat kali per putaran, dan agregat tetap terang. Dikelompokkan SR dahulu, lalu uniaksial, biaksial, dan agregat.

Nama batu ditampilkan dalam bentuk dagang internasional (bahasa Inggris) dan tertaut ke halaman detail tiap spesies (dalam bahasa Inggris).

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Batu	Karakter Optik	ADR	Birefringensi	Rentang RI
Almandine Garnet	SR	✓	—	1.770–1.830
Amber	SR	✓	—	1.539–1.545
Black Opal	SR	—	—	1.440–1.460
Black Spinel	SR	✓	—	1.712–1.730
Blue Diamond	SR	✓	—	2.417
Brown Diamond	SR	✓	—	2.417
Color-Change Garnet	SR	✓	—	1.740–1.765
Cubic Zirconia	SR	✓	—	2.150–2.180
Cuprite	SR	—	—	2.849
Demantoid Garnet	SR	✓	—	1.880–1.895
Diamond	SR	✓	—	2.417
Fire Opal	SR	—	—	1.370–1.470
Fluorite	SR	—	—	1.432–1.436
Grossular Garnet	SR	✓	—	1.734–1.759
Hackmanite	SR	—	—	1.483–1.487
Hauyne	SR	—	—	1.494–1.509
Hessonite Garnet	SR	✓	—	1.730–1.760
Jet	SR	—	—	1.640–1.680
Low-Type Zircon	SR	—	—	1.780–1.815
Malaya / Umbalite Garnet	SR	✓	—	1.730–1.780
Moldavite	SR	—	—	1.480–1.510
Obsidian	SR	✓	—	1.480–1.510
Opal	SR	—	—	1.370–1.470
Pink Diamond	SR	✓	—	2.417
Pyrope Garnet	SR	✓	—	1.730–1.760
Rhodolite Garnet	SR	✓	—	1.740–1.770
Spessartite Garnet	SR	✓	—	1.790–1.815
Sphalerite	SR	—	—	2.369–2.371
Spinel	SR	✓	—	1.712–1.736
Star Garnet	SR	✓	—	1.770–1.830
Synthetic Spinel	SR	✓	—	1.725–1.728
Tsavorite Garnet	SR	✓	—	1.730–1.760
YAG	SR	—	—	1.833
Yellow Diamond	SR	✓	—	2.417
Amethyst	Uniaksial (+)	—	0.009	1.544–1.553
Ametrine	Uniaksial (+)	—	0.009	1.544–1.553
Benitoite	Uniaksial (+)	—	0.047	1.757–1.804
Cassiterite	Uniaksial (+)	—	0.096	1.997–2.093
Cinnabar	Uniaksial (+)	—	0.351	2.905–3.256
Citrine	Uniaksial (+)	—	0.009	1.544–1.553
Moissanite	Uniaksial (+)	—	0.043	2.648–2.691
Phenakite	Uniaksial (+)	—	0.016	1.654–1.670
Prasiolite	Uniaksial (+)	—	0.009	1.544–1.553
Rock Crystal	Uniaksial (+)	—	0.009	1.544–1.553
Rose Quartz	Uniaksial (+)	—	0.009	1.544–1.553
Smoky Quartz	Uniaksial (+)	—	0.009	1.544–1.553
Zircon	Uniaksial (+)	—	0.059	1.925–1.984
Apatite	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.006	1.628–1.649
Aquamarine	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.006	1.577–1.583
Calcite	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.172	1.486–1.658
Chrome Tourmaline	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.018	1.624–1.660
Color-Change Sapphire	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.008	1.762–1.770
Emerald	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.006	1.565–1.602
Goshenite	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.006	1.577–1.583
Green Tourmaline	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.018	1.616–1.650
Heliodor	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.006	1.568–1.580
Hematite	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.280	2.940–3.220
Indicolite	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.018	1.624–1.644
Morganite	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.008	1.572–1.600
Padparadscha Sapphire	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.008	1.762–1.770
Paraiba Tourmaline	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.018	1.624–1.644
Pink Sapphire	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.008	1.762–1.770
Red Beryl	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.007	1.564–1.574
Rhodochrosite	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.220	1.600–1.820
Rubellite	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.018	1.624–1.644
Ruby	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.008	1.762–1.770
Sapphire	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.008	1.762–1.770
Scapolite	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.020	1.540–1.572
Star Ruby	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.008	1.762–1.770
Star Sapphire	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.008	1.762–1.770
Sugilite	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.002	1.607–1.610
Synthetic Color-Change Corundum	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.008	1.762–1.770
Taaffeite	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.004	1.719–1.723
Tourmaline	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.020	1.624–1.644
Watermelon Tourmaline	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.018	1.616–1.650
White Sapphire	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.008	1.762–1.770
Yellow Sapphire	Uniaksial (−)	—	0.008	1.762–1.770
Alexandrite	Biaksial (+)	—	0.009	1.746–1.755
Cat's Eye Chrysoberyl	Biaksial (+)	—	0.009	1.746–1.755
Chrome Diopside	Biaksial (+)	—	0.030	1.664–1.730
Chrysoberyl	Biaksial (+)	—	0.009	1.746–1.755
Clinohumite	Biaksial (+)	—	0.028	1.625–1.675
Diaspore	Biaksial (+)	—	0.048	1.702–1.752
Enstatite	Biaksial (+)	—	0.010	1.663–1.673
Hiddenite	Biaksial (+)	—	0.016	1.660–1.676
Kunzite	Biaksial (+)	—	0.016	1.660–1.676
Labradorite	Biaksial (+)	—	0.011	1.559–1.573
Larimar	Biaksial (+)	—	0.040	1.595–1.640
Peridot	Biaksial (+)	—	0.036	1.654–1.690
Prehnite	Biaksial (+)	—	0.030	1.611–1.665
Rhodonite	Biaksial (+)	—	0.014	1.716–1.752
Sphene	Biaksial (+)	—	0.100	1.843–2.110
Star Diopside	Biaksial (+)	—	0.030	1.664–1.721
Tanzanite	Biaksial (+)	—	0.009	1.691–1.700
Thulite	Biaksial (+)	—	0.009	1.691–1.704
Topaz	Biaksial (+)	—	0.008	1.609–1.643
Amazonite	Biaksial (−)	—	0.008	1.514–1.530
Andalusite	Biaksial (−)	—	0.010	1.629–1.649
Danburite	Biaksial (−)	—	0.006	1.627–1.636
Grandidierite	Biaksial (−)	—	0.033	1.590–1.623
Iolite	Biaksial (−)	—	0.012	1.540–1.560
Kornerupine	Biaksial (−)	—	0.013	1.660–1.699
Kyanite	Biaksial (−)	—	0.016	1.712–1.734
Malachite	Biaksial (−)	—	0.254	1.655–1.909
Moonstone	Biaksial (−)	—	0.008	1.518–1.526
Rainbow Moonstone	Biaksial (−)	—	0.011	1.559–1.572
Sinhalite	Biaksial (−)	—	0.038	1.665–1.712
Sunstone	Biaksial (−)	—	0.010	1.537–1.572
Variscite	Biaksial (−)	—	0.031	1.560–1.594
Agate	Agregat	—	—	1.530–1.543
Aventurine	Agregat	—	—	1.544–1.553
Bloodstone	Agregat	—	—	1.530–1.543
Carnelian	Agregat	—	—	1.530–1.543
Chalcedony	Agregat	—	—	1.530–1.543
Charoite	Agregat	—	—	1.550–1.559
Chrysocolla	Agregat	—	—	1.575–1.635
Chrysocolla Chalcedony	Agregat	—	—	1.530–1.543
Chrysoprase	Agregat	—	—	1.530–1.543
Coral	Agregat	—	—	1.486–1.658
Hawk's Eye	Agregat	—	—	1.544–1.553
Howlite	Agregat	—	—	1.583–1.608
Ivory	Agregat	—	—	1.535–1.540
Jadeite	Agregat	—	—	1.654–1.688
Lapis Lazuli	Agregat	—	—	1.500–1.670
Nephrite	Agregat	—	—	1.600–1.627
Onyx	Agregat	—	—	1.530–1.543
Pearl	Agregat	—	—	1.520–1.690
Pietersite	Agregat	—	—	1.534–1.540
Serpentine	Agregat	—	—	1.560–1.571
Sodalite	Agregat	—	—	1.483–1.487
Tiger's Eye	Agregat	—	—	1.544–1.553
Turquoise	Agregat	—	—	1.610–1.650

Batu mana yang menunjukkan bias ganda anomali (ADR)?
22 spesies dalam tabel ini ditandai ADR, terutama garnet dan berlian. Batu SR yang tegang dapat menunjukkan pemadaman berbercak yang menyerupai kedipan DR: pastikan dengan refraktometer sebelum menyingkirkan kandidat SR.

Apakah berlian berbias tunggal atau ganda?
Berbias tunggal (sistem kubik), tetapi ditandai ADR: tegangan internal sangat sering menimbulkan pemadaman anomali di polariskop. Kombinasi itu sendiri menjadi ciri berlian.

Apa arti uniaksial dan biaksial?
Batu uniaksial (tetragonal, heksagonal, trigonal: kuarsa, korundum, turmalin) memiliki satu sumbu optik; biaksial (ortorombik, monoklinik, triklinik: topas, peridot, tanzanit) memiliki dua.Masing-masing membawa tanda + atau −.

Lihat juga: Reference Database (EN) · Guide (EN)